Footnotes/Endnotes used in the book

At the time of publication, all hyperlinks were functioning. If you find dead links or other errors, please let me know at [email protected]

  1. http://bit.ly/WbJmrU
    Change to Alarcon speech

  2. www.globalexchange.org

  3. http://bit.ly/VUE1Vo - Original no longer available at Houston Chronicle website

  4. The Day (New London, CT) http://bit.ly/Ry4fzm

  5. http://bit.ly/Us9H4s

  6. www.historyofcuba.com

  7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Marti

  8. www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2008/03/24/a-splendid-war-s-shameful-side.html

  9. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/castro/peopleevents/p_batista.html

  10. Conflict, Order, and Peace in the Americas, by the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, 1978, pg. 121

  11. Toledo Blade http://bit.ly/So0HNK

  12. StAugustine.com http://bit.ly/SjlMZw

  13. Miami Herald www2.fiu.edu/~fcf/yanquifidelistas.html

  14. American Heritage www.americanheritage.com/content/i-fought-fidel

  15. “You guys got us $5,000,000 worth of publicity for that,” Castro told Ryan. “We couldn’t have paid an ad agency for that.” Jonathan M. Hansen, Guantánamo: An American History, p.214

  16. www.historyofcuba.com/history/havana/Fidel-2.htm

  17. StAugustine.com http://bit.ly/SjlMZw

  18. www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43b/066.html

  19. Georgie Anne Geyer, Guerrilla Prince: The Untold Story of Fidel Castro, Little, Brown and Company (1991)

  20. www.themilitant.com/1999/6311/6311_25.html

  21. National Review Online http://bit.ly/RXtHtV
    22. URL dead - change to http://bit.ly/So0wSM
  22. Times of London http://bit.ly/So0wSM

  23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1352650.stm

  24. www.cbc.ca/archives/discover/great-interviews/revolution-in-cuba.html

  25. Sarasota Journal http://bit.ly/So2Uce

  26. http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/historyofthecaribbean/a/08battlestaclar.htm

  27. http://bit.ly/YBe69l

  28. http://bit.ly/Vn7U69

  29. http://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1965/03/man-socialism-alt.htm

  30. Douglas Kellner (1989), Ernesto “Che” Guevara (World Leaders Past & Present). Chelsea House Publishers, p. 59.

  31. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_Guevara

  32. http://www.companeroche.com/index.php?id=105

    33. Change to: http://www.commietravel.nl/cuba/statesmen/fidel/fidelonche.htm
  33. Watchfinder http://bit.ly/X954lN

  34. Jon Lee Anderson, Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life, p. 741

  35. www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/castro/peopleevents/p_castro.html

  36. Herald Tribune http://bit.ly/YmidqB

  37. www.marxists.org/history/cuba/archive/castro/1953/10/16.htm

  38. Latin American Network Information Center http://bit.ly/Usebbc

  39. Fidel Castro, Ignacio Ramonet (interviewer) (2009). My Life: A Spoken Autobiography. New York: Scribner, p. 195.

  40. http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1684552/posts

  41. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/fidel/carta-fidel-celia.jpg

  42. Nelson Mandela, Conversations with Myself, p. 389

  43. Ann Louise Bardach, “Without Fidel: A Death Foretold in Miami, Havana, and Washington” New York: Scribner (2009), p. 36

  44. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mongoose

  45. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6199369.stm

  46. Brian Ladell, After Fidel: Raúl Castro and the Future of Cuba’s Revolution, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, p. 11.

  47. http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/07/24/us-cuba-castro-idUSN243122220070724

  48. Sean Penn interview with Raúl Castro in The Nation, December 15, 2008

  49. Sean Penn in The Nation, December 15, 2008

  50. Prensa Latina http://bit.ly/WkHlzQ

  51. http://bit.ly/XTTUSL

  52. www.informationclearinghouse.info/article4377.htm (includes 29 minute audio documentary)

  53. www.reuters.com/article/2007/08/17/idUSN17200921 http://reut.rs/RAL6vb

  54. US Navy http://www.cnic.navy.mil/Guantanamo/index.htm

  55. www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/bayofpigs/19610822.pdf

  56. Sean Penn, “Conversations with Chavez and Castro,” The Nation, Dec. 15, 2008.

  57. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mongoose

  58. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods

  59. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Northwoods

  60. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/coldwar/documents/episode-10/02-06.htm

  61. http://www.smeggys.co.uk/operation_northwoods.php

  62. http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/15/world/us-underestimated-soviet-force-in-cuba-during-62-missile-crisis.html

  63. Letter to Nikita Khrushchev from Fidel Castro regarding defending Cuban air space— http://www.cubanet.org/ref/dis/10110201.htm

  64. Michael Dobbs, One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War, Vintage (2009), p. 22.

  65. National Security Archives, p. 380 http://bit.ly/U0rH5j

  66. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-19930260

  67. Foreign Policy http://bit.ly/RysIEJ

  68. Mikoyan memorandum--http://bit.ly/RE8qX2

  69. Spanish-speaking countries often use two surnames. In this case Posada is the patronym (father’s last name) and Carrilles the matronym (mother’s last name), but are generally referred to by the patronym (Luis Posada.)

  70. New York Times http://nyti.ms/SI0Hvt

  71. CNN http://bit.ly/So6vXD

  72. Godfrey-Milliken Bill http://bit.ly/VJVfWo

  73. www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AMR51/093/2010

  74. http://archive.truthout.org/case-cuban-five-brings-up-nuanced-meaning-terrorism63207

  75. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html

  76. Houston Press http://bit.ly/So63IZ

  77. Progreso Weekly http://bit.ly/U0vRKv

  78. www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2010/170260.htm

  79. www.cartercenter.org/news/trip_reports/cuba-march2011.html

  80. www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2010/170260.htm

  81. Sept. 13, 1906, Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress

  82. www.thewashingtonnote.com/archives/2009/10/former_sec_of_s/

  83. Reuters http://reut.rs/U0vtvt

  84. www.gq.com/news-politics/newsmakers/200610/colin-powell-bush-administration?currentPage=7

  85. Chicago Tribune http://trib.in/T2FStV

  86. “Dr. Spock Takes Aid to Cuban Kids,” American Medical News, February 22, 1993

  87. Seattle Times http://bit.ly/SI1mx2

  88. www.news.va/en/news/us-bishops-call-for-end-to-cuba-embargo

  89. http://fred.ifas.ufl.edu/cubanag/pdf/citrus1.pdf

  90. Cuba Embargo’s Golden Anniversary - http://www.havanatimes.org/?p=61646

  91. http://www.undemocracy.com/generalassembly_62/meeting_38

  92. United Nations http://bit.ly/S2fT8s

  93. Caricom News Network http://bit.ly/SDMdtW

  94. www.havanatimes.org/?p=61646

  95. www.havanatimes.org/?p=61646

  96. http://westernfarmpress.com/government/expanded-us-farm-exports-cuba-horizon

  97. (2009 fig-ures) http://westernfarmpress.com/government/expanded-us-farm-exports-cuba-horizon?page=3

  98. NelsonMandela.org http://bit.ly/U7vbc7

  99. It should be noted that for a small country like Cuba to send a force of 55,000 troops would be the equivalent of the United States, with its much larger population, sending more than one million troops.

  100. www.chomsky.info/interviews/20031028.htm

  101. Mark Hertsgaard, “The eagle’s shadow: Why America fascinates and infuriates the world,” New York: Picador 2003

  102. Fox News http://bit.ly/VJW3us

  103. UNESCO – Report on the method and means utilized in Cuba to eliminate illiteracy,” July 6, 1965. p.73 http://bit.ly/TnLKMI

  104. An interesting note is that when the Americans and others forced the elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide to leave the country in February 2004, the 1,000 “peacekeeping” US Marines used Haiti’s first and only public medical school in Port-au-Prince as their headquarters, turning that medical complex into a military complex. The school had only been dedicated two months earlier, and it was another six years before it was restored to its original peaceful purpose. Revolutionary Doctors: How Venezuela and Cuba are changing the the world’s conception of health care, Monthly Review Press (2011), p. 195.

  105. Radio Cadena Agramonte http://bit.ly/SEO17N

  106. www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk/faq-answer.asp?faqid=13

  107. www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk/faq-answer.asp?faqid=13

  108. www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk/faq-answer.asp?faqid=13

  109. Wall Street Journal http://on.wsj.com/YBiCof

  110. US State Dept. http://1.usa.gov/PNOJ40

  111. www.state.gov/p/wha/rls/fs/2009/115414.htm

  112. Wall Street Journal http://on.wsj.com/YBiCof

  113. http://www.cubagreenscreen.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=15250

  114. www.huffingtonpost.com/sarah-stephens/cuba-doctors_b_1424736.html

  115. MSNBC http://nbcnews.to/Ry8FGH

  116. MSNBC http://nbcnews.to/YBlDoA

  117. Foreign Policy in Focus http://bit.ly/PNQ3UI

  118. www.walterlippmann.com/hurricane.html

  119. www.medicc.org/publications/medicc_review/0805/headlines-in-cuban-health.html

  120. www.counterpunch.org/2010/04/01/cuban-medical-aid-to-haiti/

  121. www.counterpunch.org/2010/04/01/cuban-medical-aid-to-haiti/

  122. www.counterpunch.org/2010/04/01/cuban-medical-aid-to-haiti/

  123. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Cuba

  124. www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/cuban-days-inscrutable-nation

  125. http://www.fdrheritage.org/bill_of_rights.htm

  126. www.havanatimes.org/?p=73682

  127. www.visionofhumanity.org/gpi-data/

  128. James Hackett (ed.), International Institute for Strategic Studies (3 February 2010). The Military Balance 2010. p.78-79

  129. http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/ms0.pdf

  130. http://milexdata.sipri.org

  131. http://www.nationmaster.com/time.php?stat=mil_exp_dol_fig_percap-expenditures-dollar-figure-per-capita&country=cu-cuba

  132. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures

  133. International Centre for Prison Studies http://bit.ly/QdP4gq

  134. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpus10.pdf

  135. International Centre for Prison Studies http://bit.ly/QdP4gq

  136. Wikipedia http://bit.ly/WjWUYF

  137. www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2011.pdf

  138. www.indexmundi.com/cuba/demographics_profile.html

  139. www.tradingeconomics.com/cuba/literacy-rate-adult-female-percent-of-females-ages-15-and-above-wb-data.html

  140. http://womenandcuba.org/Documents/burkmsmagazine.pdf

  141. http://sdonline.org/52/cuban-development-strategies-and-gender-relations/

  142. www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk/resources/WomenInCubareport.pdf p. 2

  143. Save The Children http://bit.ly/RyaiUQ

  144. www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion/doc/cubasr1.doc

  145. www.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm The US ranking of 80 may have changed slightly (perhaps as high as 75th) as there has been a slight increase since the 2012 election.

  146. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2007/mar/04/jazz.popandrock

  147. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Cuba

  148. http://jewishcuba.org/synagogues.html

  149. www.jewishexponent.com/article/25904/Cuba_Extends_Welcome/

  150. www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9SSHGPG2.htm

  151. http://1.usa.gov/Xc1Gr6
    Change to: http://www.usaid.gov/where-we-work/latin-american-and-caribbean/cuba/our-work

  152. www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9SSHGPG2.htm

  153. www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9SSHGPG2.htm

  154. www.jewishexponent.com/article/25904/Cuba_Extends_Welcome/

  155. CBS Baltimore http://cbsloc.al/QdNzyE

  156. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9SSHGPG2.htm

  157. www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/helms-burton-act.html

    158. Change to: http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Documents/libertad.pdf
  158. www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/helms-burton-act.html - Section 206

  159. www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/helms-burton-act.html

  160. Huffington Post http://huff.to/Pu6e8d

  161. http://www.deltawavecomm.com/Files/BGAN/bgangov.ppt

    162. Change to: www.deltawavecomm.com/Images/Interior/support/bgangov.ppt‎
  162. http://forward.com/articles/151432/what-did-alan-gross-do-in-cuba/

  163. www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9SSHGPG2.htm

  164. www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/02/our-man-in-havana-or-the-strange-case-of-alan-gross/253025/

  165. CBS News http://cbsn.ws/Pu6kww

  166. www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9SSHGPG2.htm

  167. Wall Street Journal http://on.wsj.com/X99KZ0

  168. www1.jafi.org.il/papers/1999/oct/jtaoct12.htm

  169. http://bit.ly/XG9e4S

  170. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11147157

  171. The Telegraph http://bit.ly/PNNQbV

  172. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/08/health/cubas-aids-sanitariums-fortresses-against-a-viral-foe.html

  173. www.submarinecablemap.com/

  174. www.bbc.co.uk/news/11492327

  175. CNN http://bit.ly/Yl7Gw2

  176. AFP http://bit.ly/Ts9wF3

  177. Cubans in the United States, fact sheet, Pew Hispanic Center, August 25, 2006, http://pewhispanic.org/files/factsheets/23.pdf

  178. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#2122

  179. US State Dept. http://1.usa.gov/VngJwI

  180. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.ENRL.TC.ZS

  181. Martin Carnoy, Cuba’s Academic Advantage, http://bit.ly/R21ncG

  182. Economic Commission for Latin America http://bit.ly/Vn91To

  183. www.cubatreks.com/reports/vanthiel.php

  184. UNESCO http://bit.ly/YkWak8

  185. UNESCO http://bit.ly/VJTc4L

  186. www.unesco.org/en/efareport/reports/2005-quality/

  187. L. Gasperini (2000), The Cuban Education System: Lessons and Dilemmas. Washington, DC, World Bank. (World Bank Country Studies. Education Reform and Management Publication Series, Vol. 1, No. 5.)

  188. United Nations Develop Program Report 2011 - http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2011/

  189. Alexandra Keeble (ed.), In the spirit of wandering teachers: Cuban Literacy Campaign 1961, Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2001. p. 15

  190. Alexandra Keeble (ed.), In the spirit of wandering teachers: Cuban Literacy Campaign 1961, Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2001. p. 25

  191. http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/69206.html

  192. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.PCAP

  193. NationMaster http://bit.ly/X9T17F

  194. http://apps.who.int/whosis/data/Search.jsp

  195. www.healthcareitnews.com/news/mgma-delegation-cuba-discovers-lot-about-healthcare

  196. www.healthcareitnews.com/news/mgma-delegation-cuba-discovers-lot-about-healthcare

  197. New York Times http://nyti.ms/REd2fM

  198. New York Times http://nyti.ms/REd2fM

  199. http://mediccreview.medicc.org/articles/mr_50.pdf

  200. World Health Organization http://bit.ly/UskBHd

  201. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html

  202. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html

  203. www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2886.htm

  204. Bloomberg http://bloom.bg/So1TRw

  205. www.drakecentral.info/cuba/Economy/pesos.htm

  206. http://margotpepper.com/node/42

  207. www.cartercenter.org/news/documents/doc623.html

  208. http://youtu.be/dHazLBTZUEs

  209. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/05/opinion/president-kennedy-s-plan-for-peace-with-cuba.html

  210. www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Documents/ccigar2.pdf

  211. www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/programs/pages/cuba.aspx

  212. www.habanos.com/article.aspx?aid=24

  213. http://en.cigar-wiki.com/Torcedores

  214. www.cigaraficionado.com/webfeatures/show/id/Rolling-by-the-Book_3155/p/1

  215. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8406641.stm

  216. www.smokemag.com/0604/feature.htm

  217. www.dtcuba.com/CubaInfo.aspx?lng=2#Inicio

  218. CivilEats.com http://bit.ly/Usawdl

  219. Rodale Institute http://bit.ly/SnZUMX

  220. CivilEats.com http://bit.ly/Usawdl

  221. www.dtcuba.com/showreport.aspx?lng=2&c=48

  222. www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2009/dec/12/cubas-green-revolution

  223. www.cuba-lasterrazas.com/

  224. http://flic.kr/p/6hHnYy

  225. www.varaderogolfclub.com

  226. www.havanatimes.org/?p=53036

  227. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2010-04-26-cuba-golf_N.htm
  228. MSN Travel http://on-msn.com/U7zFzx

  229. Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom, Da Capo Press (1998)

  230. www.havanatimes.org/?p=60806

  231. Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 C.F.R. Part 515, (Revised September 30, 2004) are administered and enforced by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).

  232. These “hostile actions” are unnamed.

  233. A “close relative” is any individual related to a person by blood, marriage, or adoption who is no more than three generations removed from that person or from a common ancestor with that person. For example, your mother’s first cousin is your close relative for purposes of the Regulations, because you are both no more than three generations removed from your great-grandparents, who are the ancestors you have in common. Similarly, your husband’s great-grandson is your close relative, because he is no more than three generations removed from your husband. However, your daughter’s father-in-law is not your close relative, because you have no common ancestor. See § 515.339.
    http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/cuba.pdf

  234. NPR http://n.pr/SI9TQy

  235. http://2001-2009.state.gov/p/wha/rls/rm/25154.htm

  236. http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/cu

  237. www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/cuban-days-inscrutable-nation